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• Identified heterogeneity within alcohol-using populations by classifying individuals into approach vs. avoidance groups based on behavioral and ERP data.
• Found significant differences in neural responses (e.g., P3, FN400) between the two groups, highlighting the need for individualized intervention strategies.

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• Used the Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) paradigm to assess how alcohol cues affect adaptive reward-seeking behavior.
• ERP findings revealed that neural impairments during PIT were more prominent in the approach group, despite comparable behavioral performance.
• Demonstrated that automatic tendencies modulate underlying neural processes during goal-directed tasks.

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• Implemented counterconditioning (CC) by pairing alcohol cues with negative outcomes (e.g., token loss), which significantly reduced both behavioral and neural indicators of approach bias.
• Planned and initiated a neurostimulation intervention using excitatory rTMS targeted at the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), based on observed attenuated activity in this region among approach-biased individuals.
• Currently collecting pilot data for the rTMS phase, with the goal of enhancing top-down control and reducing automatic cue-driven responses.

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